Tetrahydro-Quinolinylurea Derivatives

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to tetrahydro-quinolinylurea derivatives and salts thereof which are useful as active ingredients of pharmaceutical preparations. 
     The tetrahydro-quinolinylurea derivative of the present invention has vanilloid receptor (VR1) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, and inflammatory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a tetrahydro-quinolinylurea derivative which is useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations. The tetrahydro-quinolinylurea derivative of the present invention has vanilloid receptor (VR1) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms; chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, and inflammatory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary (or airways) disease (COPD).

2. Background Art

Vanilloid compounds are characterized by the presence of vanillyl group or a functionally equivalent group. Examples of several vanilloid compounds or vanilloid receptor modulators are vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde), guaiacol (2-methoxy-phenol), zingerone (4-/4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl/-2-butanon), eugenol (2-methoxy-4-/2-propenyl/phenol), and capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneneamide).

Among others, capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in “hot” chili peppers, is a specific neurotoxin that desensitizes C-fiber afferent neurons. Capsaicin interacts with vanilloid receptors (VR1), which are predominantly expressed in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or nerve endings of afferent sensory fibers including C-fiber nerve endings [Tominaga M, Caterina M J, Malmberg A B, Rosen T A, Gilbert H, Skinner K, Raumann B E, Basbaum A I, Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21: 531-543, 1998]. The VR1 receptor was recently cloned [Caterina M J, Schumacher M A, Tominaga M, Rosen T A, Levine J D, Julius D: Nature 389: 816-824, (1997)] and identified as a nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains that is structurally related to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family. Binding of capsaicin to VR1 allows sodium, calcium and possibly potassium ions to flow down their concentration gradients, causing initial depolarization and release of neurotransmitters from the nerve terminals. VR1 can therefore be viewed as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit neuronal signals in pathological conditions or diseases.

There is abundant direct or indirect evidence that shows the relation between VR1 activity and diseases such as pain, ischaemia, and inflammatory disorders (e.g., WO 99/00115 and 00/50387). Further, it has been demonstrated that VR1 transduces reflex signals that are involved in the overactive bladder of patients who have damaged or abnormal spinal reflex pathways [De Groat W C: A neurologic basis for the overactive bladder. Urology 50 (6A Suppl): 36-52, 1997]. Desensitisation of the afferent nerves by depleting neurotransmitters using VR1 agonists such as capsaicin has been shown to give promising results in the treatment of bladder dysfunction associated with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis [(Maggi C A: Therapeutic potential of capsaicin-like molecules—Studies in animals and humans. Life Sciences 51: 1777-1781, 1992) and (DeRidder D; Chandiramani V; Dasgupta P; VanPoppel H; Baert L; Fowler C J: Intravesical capsaicin as a treatment for refractory detrusor hyperreflexia: A dual center study with long-term followup. J. Urol. 158: 2087-2092, 1997)].

It is anticipated that antagonism of the VR1 receptor would lead to the blockage of neurotransmitter release, resulting in prophylaxis and treatment of the conditions and diseases associated with VR1 activity.

It is therefore expected that antagonists of the VR1 receptor can be used for prophylaxis and treatment of the conditions and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory disorders, urinary incontinence (UI) such as urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and/or overactive bladder.

UI is the involuntary loss of urine. UUI is one of the most common types of UI together with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) which is usually caused by a defect in the urethral closure mechanism. UUI is often associated with neurological disorders or diseases causing neuronal damages such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and diabetes, although it also occurs in individuals with no such disorders. One of the usual causes of UUI is overactive bladder (OAB) which is a medical condition referring to the symptoms of frequency and urgency derived from abnormal contractions and instability of the detrusor muscle.

There are several medications for urinary incontinence on the market today mainly to help treating UUI. Therapy for OAB is focused on drugs that affect peripheral neural control mechanisms or those that act directly on bladder detrusor smooth muscle contraction, with a major emphasis on development of anticholinergic agents. These agents can inhibit the parasympathetic nerves which control bladder voiding or can exert a direct spasmolytic effect on the detrusor muscle of the bladder. This results in a decrease in intravesicular pressure, an increase in capacity and a reduction in the frequency of bladder contraction. Orally active anticholinergic drugs which are commonly prescribed have serious drawbacks such as unacceptable side effects such as dry mouth, abnormal visions, constipation, and central nervous system disturbances. These side effects lead to poor compliance. Dry mouth symptoms alone are responsible for a 70% non-compliance rate with oxybutynin. The inadequacies of present therapies highlight the need for novel, efficacious, safe, orally available drugs that have fewer side effects.

WO03/014064 discloses the compounds represented by the general formula:

wherein

-   X represents C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl optionally fused by benzene, optionally     substituted naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally     substituted phenyl C₁₋₆ straight alkyl, phenyl fused by cycloalykyl,     etc; -   Q^(aa) represents CH or N; -   R^(aa) represents hydrogen or methyl; -   R^(bb) represents hydrogen or methyl; and -   Y represents substituted naphthyl, as a vanilloid receptor     antagonist.

WO03/022809 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:

wherein P and P′ independently represent aryl or heteroaryl; R^(a1) and R^(a2) independently represent hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; p and q are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; r is 1, 2 or 3; and s is 0, 1 or 2.

WO03/053945 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:

wherein P^(a) represents phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclyl; n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; p is independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R^(b1) represents hydrogen, alkoxy, hydroxy, etc; and R^(a2) represents

wherein X is a bond, C, O, or NR^(b8); and r, q, R^(b3), R^(b4) are defined in the application.

WO03/070247 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:

wherein Xc₁ represents N or CR^(c1); Xc₂ represents N or CR^(c2); Xc₃ represents N, NR^(c3) or CR^(c3); Xc₄ represents a bond, N or CR^(c4); Xc₅ represents N or C; provided that at least one of Xc₁, Xc₂, Xc₃ and Xc₄ is N; Zc₁ represents O, NH or S; Zc₂ represents a bond, NH or S; L^(c) represents alkylene, cycloalkylene, etc; R^(c1), R^(c2), R^(c3), R^(c4), R^(c5), R^(c6), R^(c7), R^(c8a) R^(c8b) are defined in the application; and R^(c9) represents hydrogen, aryl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycle.

WO03/080578 discloses the compounds having vanilloid receptor antagonist activity represented by the general formula:

wherein A^(d), B^(d), D^(d) and E^(d) are each C or N with the proviso that one or more are N; X^(d) is an O, S or ═NCN; Y^(d) is an aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclyl or fused-carbocyclyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and R^(d1), R^(d2), R^(d3), R^(d4), R^(d5) and R^(d6) are defined in the application.

The development of a compound which has effective VR1 antagonistic activity and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder as well as pain, and/or inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD has been desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is to provide a urea derivative of the formula (I), their tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof:

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);         -   with the proviso that when m is 0, —X— represents a bond,     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen, or     -   R^(A) and R^(B) together form a carbonyl-group with the         carbon-atom to which they are connected,     -   R¹ represents aryl or heteroaryl         -   wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted             with one or more substituents independently selected from             the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy,             amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (which phenyl             is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy,             carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), benzyl (in which             phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl,             C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl (which alkyl is             optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy,             amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety             is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy,             carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆             alkylthio (which alkylthio is optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and             heterocycle; and     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy,         -   aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl,             C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di-(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and         -   said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said             arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said             heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-,             or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro,             (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.

In another embodiment, the urea derivative of formula (I) can be those wherein;

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);         -   with the proviso that when m is 0, —X— represents a bond,     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents aryl or heteroaryl         -   wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted             with one or more substituents independently selected from             the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy,             amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (which phenyl             is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy,             carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), benzyl (in which             phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl,             C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl (which alkyl is             optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy,             amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety             is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy,             carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈             cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆             alkylthio (which alkylthio is optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and             heterocycle; and     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy,         -   aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl,             C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, and         -   said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said             arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said             heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-,             or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro,             (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.

In another embodiment, the urea derivative of formula (I) can be those wherein;

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);         -   with the proviso that when m is 0, —X— represents a bond,     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy,         -   aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl,             C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di-(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and         -   said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said             arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said             heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-,             or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro,             (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.

In another embodiment, the urea derivative of formula (I) can be those wherein;

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);         -   with the proviso that when m is 0, —X— represents a bond,     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy,         -   phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl, C₁₋₆alkyl,             C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, phenysulfonyl,             pyrimidylsulfonyl, or pyridylsulfonyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di-(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and         -   said cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl,             phenyl moiety, pyridyl moiety or pyrimidyl moiety of said             phenylsulfonyl, pyridylsulfonyl, pyrimidylsulfonyl are             optionally substituted by         -   mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro,             (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.

In a further embodiment, said urea derivative of the formula (I) can be those wherein;

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0;     -   —X— represents bond;     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cyclo-alkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy,         -   phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl, C₁₋₆alkyl,             C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, phenysulfonyl,             pyrimidylsulfonyl, or pyridylsulfonyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈-cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)-aminocarbonyl, and         -   said cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl,             phenyl moiety, pyridyl moiety or pyrimidyl moiety of said             phenylsulfonyl, pyridylsulfonyl, pyrimidylsulfonyl are             optionally substituted by         -   mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro,             (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.

Yet in a further embodiment, said urea derivative of the formula (I) can be those wherein:

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆-alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl,         -   wherein         -   said alkyl, alkenyl cycloalkyl, or alkynyl are optionally             substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy,             carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl,             C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino,             N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino,             carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or             N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl.

In a further embodiment, said urea derivative of the formula (I) can be those wherein:

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 0;     -   p represents 0;     -   —X— represents —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆         alkyl);     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen,         hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆-alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl,         -   wherein said alkyl, alkenyl cycloalkyl, or alkynyl are             optionally substituted by         -   mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano,             C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino,             N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino,             N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl,             or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆)aminocarbonyl.

Yet in a further embodiment, said urea derivative of the formular (I) can be those wherein:

-   -   wherein     -   m represents 1, 2, or 3;     -   p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3;     -   —X— represents bond, —O— or —N(R¹⁰)— (wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or         C₁₋₆ alkyl);     -   R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen,     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,         -   wherein         -   said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl and pyrimidyl are optionally             substituted with one or more substituents independently             selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro,             hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl,             phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆             alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl),             benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆             alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆             alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano,             nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or             mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is             optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen),             phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by             halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino,             di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆             alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which             alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or             tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle     -   R² represent hydrogen, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl,         C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl,

Yet in a further embodiment, said urea derivative of the formula (I) can be those

-   -   wherein     -   R¹ represents phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl,     -   wherein said phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, or pyrimidyl is         optionally substituted by one or more of substituents selected         from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, fluoro, nitro,         methoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy and C₁₋₆         alkanoylamino

Preferably, said urea derivative of the formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of:

-   N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N′-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea; -   N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N′-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea; -   N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N′-(3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea; -   ethyl     3-({[(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)amino]carbonyl}amino)benzoate;     and -   N-biphenyl-3-yl-N′-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea.

The tetrahydro-quinolinylurea derivatives of formula (I), their tautomeric and stereoisomeric form, and salts thereof surprisingly show excellent VR1 antagonistic activity. They are, therefore suitable especially for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urological diseases or disorders, such as detrusor overactivity (overactive bladder), urinary incontinence, neurogenic detrusor overactivity (detrusor hyperflexia), idiopathic detrusor overactivity (detrusor instability), benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms.

The compounds of the present invention are also effective for treating or preventing a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration and/or stroke, as well as inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD since the diseases also relate to VR1 activity.

The compounds of the present invention are also useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of neuropathic pain, which is a form of pain often associated with herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic low back pain, posttraumatic and postoperative neuralgia, neuralgia due to nerve compression and other neuralgias, phantom pain, complex regional pain syndromes, infectious or parainfectious neuropathies like those associated with HIV infection, pain associated with central nervous system disorders like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease or spinal cord injury or traumatic brain injury, and post-stroke pain.

Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain, forms of pain often associated with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis or other forms of arthritis, and back pain.

In addition, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of pain associated with cancer, including visceral or neuropathic pain associated with cancer or cancer treatment.

The compounds of the present invention are furthermore useful for the treatment of visceral pain, e.g. pain associated with obstruction of hollow viscus like gallstone colik, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome, pelvic pain, vulvodynia, orchialgia or prostatodynia, pain associated with inflammatory lesions of joints, skin, muscles or nerves, and orofascial pain and headache, e.g. migraine or tension-type headache.

Further, the present invention provides a medicament, which includes one of the compounds, described above and optionally pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

Alkyl per se and “alk” and “alkyl” in alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino and alkanoylamino represent a linear or branched alkyl radical having generally 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, representing illustratively and preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.

Alkoxy illustratively and preferably represents methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.

Alkylamino illustratively and preferably represents an alkylamino radical having one or two (independently selected) alkyl substituents, illustratively and preferably representing methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino, n-hexyl-amino, N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-isopropyl-N-n-propylamino, N-t-butyl-N-methylamino, N-ethyl-N-n-pentylamino and N-n-hexyl-N-methylamino.

Aryl per se and in arylamino and in arylcarbonyl represents a mono- to tricyclic aromatic carbocyclic radical having generally 6 to 14 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing phenyl, naphthyl and phenanthrenyl.

Cycloalkyl per se and in cycloalkylamino and in cycloalkylcarbonyl represents a cycloalkyl group having generally 3 to 8 and preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms, illustratively and preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

Heteroaryl per se and the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl, heteroaryloxy, heteroaralkyloxy, or heteroarylcarbamoyl represent an aromatic mono- or bicyclic radical having generally 5 to 10 and preferably 5 or 6 ring atoms and up to 5 and preferably up to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of S, O and N, illustratively and preferably representing thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, isoindolino, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, and triazolyl.

Heterocyclyl per se and in heterocyclylcarbonyl represents a mono- or polycyclic, preferably mono- or bicyclic, nonaromatic heterocyclic radical having generally 4 to 10 and preferably 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3 and preferably up to 2 hetero atoms and/or hetero groups selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, SO and SO₂. The heterocyclyl radicals can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Preference is given to 5- to 8-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclyl radicals having up to two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, such as illustratively and preferably 1,3-dioxalanyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by combining various known methods. In some embodiments, one or more of the substituents, such as amino group, carboxyl group, and hydroxyl group of the compounds used as starting materials or intermediates are advantageously protected by a protecting group known to those skilled in the art. Examples of the protecting groups are described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd Edition)” by Greene and Wuts, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1999.

The compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be, but not limited to be, prepared by the Method [A], [B], [C], [D], or [E] below.

The compound of the formula (I) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) (wherein R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (III) (wherein L₁ represents a leaving group including halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom) and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein m, p, R¹ and X are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.

The compound of the formula (III) and (IV) are commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.

The compound of the formula (I) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (II) (wherein R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (V) (wherein m, p, R¹ and X are the same as defined above).

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction can be carried out in the presence of organic base such as pyridine or triethylamine.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about room temperature to 100° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The compound (V) can be prepared by the use of known techniques or are commercially available.

The compound of the formula (I) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (II) (wherein R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or 1,1′-carbonyldi(1,2,4-triazole)(CDT), and then adding the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein m, p, R¹ and X are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

Phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, CDI, and CDT are commercially available.

The compound of the formula (I) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein m, p, R¹ and X are the same as defined above) with phosgene, diphosgene, triphosgene, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), or 1,1′-carbonyldi(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT) and then adding the compound of the formula (II) (wherein R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The compound of the formula (I) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (IV) (wherein m, p, R¹ and X are the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (III) (wherein L₁ is the same as defined above), and then adding the compound of the formula (II) (wherein R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) to the reaction mixture.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.

The compound of the formula (I-a) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹ and R² are the same as defined above; and X′ is —O—, or N(R¹⁰)—) can be prepared by the following procedures.

In the Step F-1, the compound of the formula (XVII) (wherein m, R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above and L₄ represents leaving group including, for instance, halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom) can be prepared in a similar manner as described in Method [A], [B], [C], [D] or [E] for the preparation of the compound of the formula (I) by using a compound of the formula (XV) (wherein m and L₄ are the same as defined above) instead of the compound of the formula (IV), or using a compound of the formula (XVI) (wherein m and L₄ are the same as defined above) instead of the compound of the formula (V).

In the Step F-2, the compound of the formula (I-a) (wherein m, p, R^(A), R^(B), R¹, R² and X′ are the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (XVII) (wherein m, L₄, R^(A), R^(B) and R² are the same as defined above) and the compound of the formula (XVIII) (wherein p, R¹ and X′ are the same as defined above).

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); ureas such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The reaction can be advantageously carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and others.

The compound (XVIII), (XIX) and (XXI) are commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.

Compounds of the formula (II) are defined by compounds of the formula (IIa) and (IIb).

Preparation of Compound of the Formula (IIa)

The compound of the formula (IIa) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) can be prepared by the following procedures.

In the Step i-1, the compound of the formula (VII) can be prepared by the nitration of the compound of the formula (VI) using the agent including, for instance, nitric acid, potassium nitrate, and the like.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, acid such as sulfuric acid; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and the like. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 0° C. to 100° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-2, the compound of the formula (IX) (wherein P₁ represents alkyl such as methyl or ethyl and L₂ represents a leaving group including halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (VII) with the compound of the formula (VIII) (wherein L₂ and P₁ are the same as defined above).

The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a base including, for instance, an alkali metal hydride such as sodium hydride or potassium hydride; alkali metal alkoxide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium tert-butoxide; alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate; organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine, dimethylaniline, diethylaniline, and others.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); nitrile such as acetonitrile and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 120° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-3, the compound of the formula (XI) (wherein P₁ and R² are the same as defined above and L₃ represents a leaving group including halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom; and arylsulfonyloxy such as p-toluenesulfonyloxy) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (IX) (wherein P₁ is the same as defined above) with the compound of the formula (X) (wherein L₃ and R² are the same as defined above).

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); urea such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI); ketone such as acetone; nitrile such as acetonitrile and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 120° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-4, the compound of the formula (XII) (wherein P₁ and R² are the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reduction of the compound of the formula (XI) (wherein L₃, P₁ and R² are the same as defined above) using reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-5, the compound of the formula (XIII) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) can be prepared by the reaction of the compound of the formula (XII) (wherein P₁ and R² are the same as defined above) with an acid such as hydrochloric acid.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol; water and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 100° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-6, the compound of the formula (XIV) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) can be prepared by reducing nitro group of the compound of the formula (XIII) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) using an agent including, for instance, metals such as zinc and iron in the presence of acid including, for instance, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid and stannous chloride, or by hydrogenation using a catalyst including, for instance, palladium on carbon and platinum on carbon.

The reaction can be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol, water and others.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 120° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

In the Step i-7, the compound of the formula (IIa) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) can be prepared by reacting the compound of the formula (XIV) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride.

The reaction may be carried out in a solvent including, for instance, ethers such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and others. Optionally, two or more of the solvents selected from the listed above can be mixed and used.

The reaction temperature can be optionally set depending on the compounds to be reacted. The reaction temperature is usually, but not limited to, about 20° C. to 50° C. The reaction may be conducted for, usually, 30 minutes to 24 hours and preferably 1 to 10 hours.

The compound (VI) is commercially available or can be prepared by the use of known techniques.

Preparation of Compound of the Formula (IIb)

The compound of the formula (IIb) (wherein R² is the same as defined above) can be prepared by the following procedures.

Reaction conditions for the preparation of (IIb) can be used in analogy to Masubuchi, Kazunao; Taniguchi, Mikio; Umeda, Isao; Hattori, Kazuo; Suda, Hitomi; Kohchi, Yasunori; Isshiki, Yoshiaki; Sakai, Toshiya; Kohchi, Masami; Shirai, Michio; Okabe, Hisafumi; et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 10; 13; 2000; 1459-1462.

When the compound shown by the formula (I) or a salt thereof has an asymmetric carbon in the structure, their optically active compounds and racemic mixtures are also included in the scope of the present invention.

Typical salts of the compound shown by the formula (I) include salts prepared by reaction of the compounds of the present invention with a mineral or organic acid, or an organic or inorganic base. Such salts are known as acid addition and base addition salts, respectively.

Acids to form acid addition salts include inorganic acids such as, without limitation, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid and the like, and organic acids, such as, without limitation, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, p-bromophenylsulfonic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, and the like.

Base addition salts include those derived from inorganic bases, such as, without limitation, ammonium hydroxide, alkaline metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, and the like, and organic bases, such as, without limitation, ethanolamine, triethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the like. Examples of inorganic bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and the like.

The compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, depending on its substituents, may be modified to form lower alkylesters or known other esters; and/or hydrates or other solvates. Those esters, hydrates, and solvates are included in the scope of the present invention.

The compound of the present invention may be administered in oral forms, such as, without limitation, normal and enteric coated tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, elixirs, tinctures, solution, suspensions, syrups, solid and liquid aerosols and emulsions. They may also be administered in parenteral forms, such as, without limitation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like forms, well-known to those of ordinary skill in the pharmaceutical arts. The compounds of the present invention can be administered in intranasal form via topical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal routes, using transdermal delivery systems well-known to those of ordinary skilled in the art.

The dosage regimen with the use of the compounds of the present invention is selected by one of ordinary skill in the arts, in view of a variety of factors, including, without limitation, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the recipient, the severity of the condition to be treated, the route of administration, the level of metabolic and excretory function of the recipient, the dosage form employed, the particular compound and salt thereof employed.

The compounds of the present invention are preferably formulated prior to administration together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients. Excipients are inert substances such as, without limitation carriers, diluents, flavoring agents, sweeteners, lubricants, solubilizers, suspending agents, binders, tablet disintegrating agents and encapsulating material.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention is pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients that are compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. Pharmaceutical formulations of the invention are prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of the compounds of the invention together with one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable excipients therefore. In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredient may be mixed with a diluent, or enclosed within a carrier, which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. The carrier may serve as a diluent, which may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, or can be in the form of tablets, pills powders, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.

For oral administration, the active ingredient may be combined with an oral, and non-toxic, pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier, such as, without limitation, lactose, starch, sucrose, glucose, sodium carbonate, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, methyl cellulose, and the like; together with, optionally, disintegrating agents, such as, without limitation, maize, starch, methyl cellulose, agar bentonite, xanthan gum, alginic acid, and the like; and optionally, binding agents, for example, without limitation, gelatin, natural sugars, beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like; and, optionally, lubricating agents, for example, without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, stearic acid, sodium oleate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, talc, and the like.

In powder forms, the carrier may be a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient. The active ingredient may be mixed with a carrier having binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired to produce tablets. The powders and tablets preferably contain from about 1 to about 99 weight percent of the active ingredient which is the novel composition of the present invention. Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carboxymethyl cellulose, low melting waxes, and cocoa butter.

Sterile liquid formulations include suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs. The active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent, or a mixture of both sterile water and sterile organic solvent.

The active ingredient can also be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for example, aqueous propylene glycol. Other compositions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution or in a suitable oil.

The formulation may be in unit dosage form, which is a physically discrete unit containing a unit dose, suitable for administration in human or other mammals. A unit dosage form can be a capsule or tablets, or a number of capsules or tablets. A “unit dose” is a predetermined quantity of the active compound of the present invention, calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with one or more excipients. The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose may be varied or adjusted from about 0.1 to about 1000 milligrams or more according to the particular treatment involved.

Typical oral dosages of the present invention, when used for the indicated effects, will range from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 30 mg/kg/day, and most preferably from about 0.5 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day. In the case of parenteral administration, it has generally proven advantageous to administer quantities of about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg/day, preferably from 0.01 mg/kg/day to 1 mg/kg/day. The compounds of the present invention may be administered in a single daily dose, or the total daily dose may be administered in divided doses, two, three, or more times per day. Where delivery is via transdermal forms, of course, administration is continuous.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be described as a form of examples, but they should by no means be construed as defining the metes and bounds of the present invention.

In the examples below, all quantitative data, if not stated otherwise, relate to percentages by weight.

Mass spectra were obtained using electrospray (ES) ionization techniques (micromass Platform LC). Melting points are uncorrected. Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) data were recorded on a Micromass Platform LC with Shimadzu Phenomenex ODS column (4.6 mm×30 mm) flushing a mixture of acetonitrile-water (9:1 to 1:9) at 1 ml/min of the flow rate. TLC was performed on a precoated silica gel plate (Merck silica gel 60 F-254). Silica gel (WAKO-gel C-200 (75-150 μm)) was used for all column chromatography separations. All chemicals were reagent grade and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Wako pure chemical industries, Ltd., Great Britain, Tokyo kasei kogyo Co., Ltd., Nacalai tesque, Inc., Watanabe Chemical Ind. Ltd., Maybridge plc, Lancaster Synthesis Ltd., Merck KgaA, Germany, Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.

¹H NMR spectra were recorded using either Bruker DRX-300 (300 MHz for ¹H) spectrometer or Brucker 500 UltraShieled™ (500 MHz for 1H). Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard at zero ppm. Coupling constant (J) are given in hertz and the abbreviations s, d, t, q, m, and br refer to singlet, doblet, triplet, quartet, multiplet, and broad, respectively. The mass determinations were carried out by MAT95 (Finnigan MAT).

All starting materials are commercially available or can be prepared using methods cited in the literature.

The effect of the present compounds was examined by the following assays and pharmacological tests.

[Measurement of Capsaicin-Induced Ca²⁺Influx in the Human VR1-Transfected CHO Cell Line] (Assay 1)

(1) Establishment of the human VR1-CHOluc9aeq cell line

-   -   Human vanilloid receptor (hVR1) cDNA was cloned from libraries         of axotomized dorsal root ganglia (WO 00/29577). The cloned hVR1         cDNA was constructed with pcDNA3 vector and transfected into a         CHOluc9aeq cell line. The cell line contains aequorin and         CRE-luciferase reporter genes as read-out signals. The         transfectants were cloned by limiting dilution in selection         medium (DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco BRL) supplemented with 10% FCS,         1.4 mM Sodium pyruvate, 20 mM HEPES, 0.15% Sodium bicarbonate,         100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM glutamine,         non-essential amino acids and 2 mg/ml G418). Ca²⁺ influx was         examined in the capsaicin-stimulated clones. A high responder         clone was selected and used for further experiments in the         project. The human VR1-CHOluc9aeq cells were maintained in the         selection medium and passaged every 3-4 days at 1-2.5×10⁵         cells/flask (75 mm²)

(2) Measurement of Ca²⁺Influx Using FDSS-3000

-   -   Human VR1-CHOluc9aeq cells were suspended in a culture medium         which is the same as the selection medium except for G418 and         seeded at a density of 1,000 cells per well into 384-well plates         (black walled clear-base/Nalge Nunc International). Following         the culture for 48 hrs the medium was changed to 2 μM Fluo-3 AM         (Molecular Probes) and 0.02% Puronic F-127 in assay buffer         (Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), 17 mM HEPES (pH7.4), 1 mM         Probenecid, 0.1% BSA) and the cells were incubated for 60 min at         25° C. After washing twice with assay buffer the cells were         incubated with a test compound or vehicle for 20 min at 25° C.         Mobilization of cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ was measured by FDSS-3000         (λ_(ex)=488 nm, λ_(em)=540 nm/Hamamatsu Photonics) for 60 sec         after the stimulation with 10 nM capsaicin. Integral R was         calculated and compared with controls.

[Measurement of the Capsaicin-Induced Ca²⁺Influx in Primary Cultured Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons] (Assay 2) (1) Preparation of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons

-   -   New born Wister rats (5-11 days) were sacrificed and dorsal root         ganglia (DRG) was removed. DRG was incubated with 0.1% trypsin         (Gibco BRL) in PBS (−) (Gibco BRL) for 30 min at 37° C., then a         half volume of fetal calf serum (FCS) was added and the cells         were spun down. The DRG neuron cells were resuspended in Ham         F12/5% FCS/5% horse serum (Gibco BRL) and dispersed by repeated         pipetting and passing through 70 μm mesh (Falcon). The culture         plate was incubated for 3 hours at 37° C. to remove         contaminating Schwann cells. Non-adherent cells were recovered         and further cultured in laminin-coated 384 well plates (Nunc) at         1×10⁴ cells/50 μl/well for 2 days in the presence of 50 ng/ml         recombinant rat NGF (Sigma) and 50 μM 5-fluorodeoxyuridine         (Sigma).

(2) Ca²⁺Mobilization Assay

DRG neuron cells were washed twice with HBSS supplemented with 17 mM HEPES (pH 7.4) and 0.1% BSA. After incubating with 2 μM fluo-3AM (Molecular Probe), 0.02% PF127 (Gibco BRL) and 1 mM probenecid (Sigma) for 40 min at 37° C., cells were washed 3 times. The cells were incubated with VR1 antagonists or vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide) and then with 1 μM capsaicin in FDSS-6000 (λ_(ex)=480 nm, λ_(em)=520 nm/Hamamatsu Photonics). The fluorescence changes at 480 nm were monitored for 2.5 min. Integral R was calculated and compared with controls.

[Organ Bath Assay to Measure the Capsaicin-Induced Bladder Contraction] (Assay 3)

Male Wistar rats (10 week old) were anesthetized with ether and sacrificed by dislocating the necks. The whole urinary bladder was excised and placed in oxygenated Modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (pH 7.4) of the following composition (112 mM NaCl, 5.9 mM KCl, 1.2 mM MgCl₂, 1.2 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 2.5 mM NaHCO₃, 12 mM glucose). Contractile responses of the urinary bladder were studied as described previously [Maggi C A et al: Br. J. Pharmacol. 108: 801-805, 1993]. Isometric tension was recorded under a load of 1 g using longitudinal strips of rat detrusor muscle. Bladder strips were equilibrated for 60 min before each stimulation. Contractile response to 80 mM KCl was determined at 15 min intervals until reproducible responses were obtained. The response to KCl was used as an internal standard to evaluate the maximal response to capsaicin. The effects of the compounds were investigated by incubating the strips with compounds for 30 min prior to the stimulation with 1 μM capsaicin (vehicle: 80% saline, 10% EtOH, and 10% Tween 80). One of the preparations made from the same animal was served as a control while the others were used for evaluating compounds. Ratio of each capsaicin-induced contraction to the internal standard (i.e. KCl-induced contraction) was calculated and the effects of the test compounds on the capsaicin-induced contraction were evaluated.

[Measurement of Ca²⁺Influx in the Human P2X1-Transfected CHO Cell Line] (1) Preparation of the Human P2X1-Transfected CHOluc9aeq Cell Line

-   -   Human P2X1-transfected CHOluc9aeq cell line was established and         maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM/F12)         supplemented with 7.5% FCS, 20 mM HEPES-KOH (pH 7.4), 1.4 mM         sodium pyruvate, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 2         mM glutamine (Gibco BRL) and 0.5 Units/ml apyrase (grade I,         Sigma). The suspended cells were seeded in each well of 384-well         optical bottom black plates (Nalge Nunc International) at         3×10³/50 μl/well. The cells were cultured for following 48 hrs         to adhere to the plates.

(2) Measurement of the Intracellular Ca²⁺Levels

-   -   P2X1 receptor agonist-mediated increases in cytosolic Ca²⁺         levels were measured using a fluorescent Ca²⁺ chelating dye,         Fluo-3 AM (Molecular Probes). The plate-attached cells were         washed twice with washing buffer (HBSS, 17 mM HEPES-KOH (pH         7.4), 0.1% BSA and 0.5 units/ml apyrase), and incubated in 40 μl         of loading buffer (1 μM Fluo-3 AM, 1 mM probenecid, 1 μM         cyclosporin A, 0.01% pluronic (Molecular Probes) in washing         buffer) for 1 hour in a dark place. The plates were washed twice         with 40 μl washing buffer and 35 μl of washing buffer were added         in each well with 5 ml of test compounds or         2′,3′-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5′-triphpsphate         (Molecular Probes) as a reference. After further incubation for         10 minutes in dark 200 nM α,β-methylene ATP agonist was added to         initiate the Ca²⁺ mobilization. Fluorescence intensity was         measured by FDSS-6000 (λ_(ex)=410 nm, λ_(em)=510 nm/Hamamatsu         Photonics) at 250 msec intervals. Integral ratios were         calculated from the data and compared with that of a control.

[Measurement of Capsaicin-Induced Bladder Contraction in Anesthetized Rats] (Assay 4) (1) Animals

-   -   Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200˜250 g/Charles River Japan) were         used.

(2) Catheter Implantation

-   -   Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of         urethane (Sigma) at 1.2 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a         midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON,         PESO) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In         parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene         catheter (Hibiki, size 5) filled with 2 IU/ml of heparin (Novo         Heparin, Aventis Pharma) in saline (Otsuka) was inserted into a         common iliac artery.

(3) Cystometric Investigation

-   -   The bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure         transducer (Viggo-Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a         microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room         temperature into the bladder at a rate of 2.4 ml/hr.         Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen         recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition         cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded         before a test compound administration and used as baseline         values.         (4) Administration of test compounds and stimulation of bladder         with capsaicin     -   The saline infusion was stopped before administrating compounds.         A testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80         (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1:1:8, v/v/v) was         administered intraarterially at 10 mg/kg 2 min after the         administration of the compound 10 μg of capsaicin (Nacalai         Tesque) dissolved in ethanol was administered intraarterially.

(5) Analysis of Cystometry Parameters

-   -   Relative increases in the capsaicin-induced intravesical         pressure were analyzed from the cystometry data. The         capsaicin-induced bladder pressures were compared with the         maximum bladder pressure during micturition without the         capsaicin stimulation. The testing compounds-mediated inhibition         of the increased bladder pressures was evaluated using Student's         t-test. A probability level less than 5% was accepted as         significant difference.

[Measurement of Over Active Bladder in Anesthetized Cystitis Rats] (Assay 5) (1) Animals

-   -   Female Sprague-Dawley rats (180˜250 g/Charles River Japan) were         used. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) dissolved in saline was         administered intraperitoneally at 150 mg/kg 48 hours before         experiment.

(2) Catheter Implantation

-   -   Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of         urethane (Sigma) at 1.25 g/kg. The abdomen was opened through a         midline incision, and a polyethylene catheter (BECTON DICKINSON,         PESO) was implanted into the bladder through the dome. In         parallel, the inguinal region was incised, and a polyethylene         catheter (BECTON DICKINSON, PESO) filled with saline (Otsuka)         was inserted into a femoral vein. After the bladder was emptied,         the rats were left for 1 hour for recovery from the operation.

(3) Cystometric Investigation

-   -   The bladder catheter was connected via T-tube to a pressure         transducer (Viggo-Spectramed Pte Ltd, DT-XXAD) and a         microinjection pump (TERUMO). Saline was infused at room         temperature into the bladder at a rate of 3.6 ml/hr for 20 min.         Intravesical pressure was recorded continuously on a chart pen         recorder (Yokogawa). At least three reproducible micturition         cycles, corresponding to a 20-minute period, were recorded         before a test compound administration.

(4) Administration of Test Compounds

-   -   A testing compound dissolved in the mixture of ethanol, Tween 80         (ICN Biomedicals Inc.) and saline (1:1:8, v/v/v) was         administered intravenously at 0.05 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg 3         min after the administration of the compound, saline (Nacalai         Tesque) was infused at room temperature into the bladder at a         rate of 3.6 ml/hr.

(5) Analysis of Cystometry Parameters

-   -   The cystometry parameters were analyzed as described previously         [Lecci A et al: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259: 129-135, 1994]. The         micturition frequency calculated from micturition interval and         the bladder capacity calculated from a volume of infused saline         until the first micturition were analyzed from the cystometry         data. The testing compounds-mediated inhibition of the frequency         and the testing compounds-mediated increase of bladder capacity         were evaluated using unpaired Student's t-test. A probability         levels less than 5% was accepted as significant difference. Data         were analyzed as the mean±SEM from 4-7 rats.

[Measurement of Acute Pain]

Acute pain is measured on a hot plate mainly in rats. Two variants of hot plate testing are used: In the classical variant animals are put on a hot surface (52 to 56° C.) and the latency time is measured until the animals show nociceptive behavior, such as stepping or foot licking. The other variant is an increasing temperature hot plate where the experimental animals are put on a surface of neutral temperature. Subsequently this surface is slowly but constantly heated until the animals begin to lick a hind paw. The temperature which is reached when hind paw licking begins is a measure for pain threshold.

Compounds are tested against a vehicle treated control group. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c., intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.

[Measurement of Persistent Pain]

Persistent pain is measured with the formalin or capsaicin test, mainly in rats. A solution of 1 to 5% formalin or 10 to 100 μg capsaicin is injected into one hind paw of the experimental animal. After formalin or capsaicin application the animals show nociceptive reactions like flinching, licking and biting of the affected paw. The number of nociceptive reactions within a time frame of up to 90 minutes is a measure for intensity of pain.

Compounds are tested against a vehicle treated control group. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c., intradermal, transdermal) prior to formalin or capsaicin administration.

[Measurement of Neuropathic Pain]

Neuropathic pain is induced by different variants of unilateral sciatic nerve injury mainly in rats. The operation is performed under anesthesia. The first variant of sciatic nerve injury is produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve (Bennett and Xie, Pain 33 (1988): 87-107). The second variant is the tight ligation of about the half of the diameter of the common sciatic nerve (Seltzer et al., Pain 43 (1990): 205-218). In the next variant, a group of models is used in which tight ligations or transections are made of either the L5 and L6 spinal nerves, or the L5 spinal nerve only (KIM S H; CHUNG J M, AN EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY PRODUCED BY SEGMENTAL SPINAL NERVE LIGATION IN THE RA, PAIN 50 (3) (1992): 355-363). The fourth variant involves an axotomy of two of the three terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves) leaving the remaining sural nerve intact whereas the last variant comprises the axotomy of only the tibial branch leaving the sural and common nerves uninjured. Control animals are treated with a sham operation.

Postoperatively, the nerve injured animals develop a chronic mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, as well as a thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc.-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA; Electronic von Frey System, Somedic Sales AB, Hörby, Sweden). Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy), or by means of a cold plate of 5 to 10° C. where the nocifensive reactions of the affected hind paw are counted as a measure of pain intensity. A further test for cold induced pain is the counting of nocifensive reactions, or duration of nocifensive responses after plantar administration of acetone to the affected hind limb. Chronic pain in general is assessed by registering the circadanian rhytms in activity (Surjo and Arndt, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany), and by scoring differences in gait (foot print patterns; FOOTPRINTS program, Klapdor et al., 1997. A low cost method to analyse footprint patterns. J. Neurosci. Methods 75, 49-54).

Compounds are tested against sham operated and vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c., intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.

[Measurement of Inflammatory Pain]

Inflammatory pain is induced mainly in rats by injection of 0.75 mg carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant into one hind paw. The animals develop an edema with mechanical allodynia as well as thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc.-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA). Thermal hyperalgesia is measured by means of a radiant heat source (Plantar Test, Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy, Paw thermal stimulator, G. Ozaki, University of California, USA). For edema measurement two methods are being used. In the first method, the animals are sacrificed and the affected hindpaws sectioned and weighed. The second method comprises differences in paw volume by measuring water displacement in a plethysmometer (Ugo Basile, Comerio, Italy).

Compounds are tested against uninflamed as well as vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c., intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.

[Measurement of Diabetic Neuropathic Pain]

Rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 to 80 mg/kg streptozotocin develop a profound hyperglycemia and mechanical allodynia within 1 to 3 weeks. Mechanical allodynia is measured by means of a pressure transducer (electronic von Frey Anesthesiometer, IITC Inc.-Life Science Instruments, Woodland Hills, SA, USA).

Compounds are tested against diabetic and non-diabetic vehicle treated control groups. Substance application is performed at different time points via different application routes (i.v., i.p., p.o., i.t., i.c.v., s.c., intradermal, transdermal) prior to pain testing.

Results in capsaicin-induced Ca²⁺ influx assay in the human VR1-transfected CHO cell line (Assay 1) are shown in Examples and tables of the Examples below. For practical reasons, the compounds are grouped in four classes based on activity as follows:

IC₅₀ =A(< or =)0.1 μM<B(< or =)0.5 μM<C(< or =)1 μM<D

The compounds of the present invention also show excellent selectivity, and strong activity in other assays 2-5 and assays for pain described above.

Preparing Method of Compounds Starting Compound A 5-amino-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-ol

To a solution of concentrated sulfuric acid is added concentrated nitric acid dropwise at −30° C. Quinolin-3-ol is added to the mixture at −30° C., and then stirred at 30° C. for 2 hours. After cooled to ambient temperature, the mixture is poured into water and then neutralized with aqueous 4N sodium hydroxide solution. After extracted with ethyl acetate, the organic layer is dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide 5-nitroquinolin-3-ol.

To a solution of 5-nitroquinolin-3-ol in DMF is added sodium hydride at 0° C. Then, methyl iodide is added and the mixture is stirred for 2 h. Water is added and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3-methoxy-5-nitroquinoline.

A mixture of 3-methoxy-5-nitroquinoline and methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate in acetonitrile is refluxed. After cooling, the precipitate is collected by filtration to provide 3-methoxy-1-methyl-5-nitroquinolinium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate.

To a solution of 3-methoxy-1-methyl-5-nitroquinolinium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate in methanol is added sodium borohydride at room temperature. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 h and water is added. Water is added and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3-methoxy-1-methyl-5-nitro-1,2-dihydroquinoline.

To a solution of 3-methoxy-1-methyl-5-nitro-1,2-dihydroquinoline in tetrahydrofuran is added solution of aqueous 2N HCl, and stirred at 40° C. for 1 hour. The mixture is neutralized with sodium bicorbonate, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is washed with water, dried, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1-methyl-5-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3(2H)-one.

A mixture of 1-methyl-5-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3(2H)-one and catalytic amount of palladium on carbon in methanol is stirred under hydrogen for 3 hours. The resulting mixture is filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 5-amino-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3(2H)-one

To a solution 5-amino-1-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-3(2H)-one in methanol is added sodium borohydride at 0° C., and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. The mixture is poured into water, and the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer is dried, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 5-amino-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-ol.

Example 1-1 N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N′-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea

A mixture of 5-amino-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-ol and 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl isocyanate in tetrahydrofuran is stirred at 50° C. for 5 hours. After removing the solvent, the resulting residue is purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N′-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)urea.

In a similar manner as described in Example 1-1, compounds shown below are synthesized.

Example m p —X— —R 1-2 0 1 bond

1-3 1 1 bond

1-4 0 1 bond

1-5 0 2 —O—

1-6 0 2 —O—

1-7 0 0 —NH—

1-8 0 0 —NH—

Example m p —X— —R 2-1 0 1 bond

2-2 0 1 bond

2-3 0 1 —O—

2-4 0 0 —O—

2-5 0 0 —NH—

2-6 1 0 bond

2-7 1 1 bond

2-8 1 1 bond

Example m p —X— —R 3-1 1 0 bond

3-2 2 0 bond

3-3 0 0 —O—

3-4 0 0 —O—

3-5 0 0 —NH—

3-6 1 1 bond

3-7 1 1 bond

Starting Compound B Ethyl 3-(2,6-dinitrophenyl)-2-oxopropanoate

2,6-Dinitrotoluene (10.0 g, 54.9 mmol) and oxalic acid diethylester (16.1 g, 110 mmol) are dissolved in ethanol (100 ml). Sodium ethylate (apx 2.5 N in ethanol, 54.9 mmol) is added, the mixture is stirred at 40° C. for 2 h. The solution is cooled to room temperature, adjusted to pH=3-4 with 2N hydrochloric acid, the solvent is evaporated in vacuo, the residue is partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer is washed with water twice, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The crude product is purified with column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, 2:1). Yield: 3.15 g (20%), mixture of keto/enol tautomers

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 200 MHz): δ 10.1 (s, 0.55H), 8.38 (d, 0.9H), 8.27 (d, 1.1H), 7.92-7.71 (m, 1H), 6.59 (s, 0.55H), 4.69 (s, 0.9H), 4.40-4.20 (2q, 2H), 1.35-1.23 (2t, 3H).

Molecular weight: 282

MS (DCI⁺): 300 (M+NH₄)⁺

Ethyl 3-(2,6-dinitrophenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate

Ethyl 3-(2,6-dinitrophenyl)-2-oxopropanoate (3.16 g, 11.2 mmol) is dissolved in dry methanol and cooled to 0° C. Sodium borohydride (0.13 g, 3.36 mmol) is added at 0° C. and stirring continued at 0° C. for 30 min The mixture is warmed to room temperature and stirred for another 15 min. Acetone (10 ml) is added and subsequently of saturated aq. NH₄Cl (5 ml) is added. The solvent is evaporated in vacuo, the remainder is dissolved in ethyl acetate and water, the organic layer is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The crude product is purified with column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, 1:1). Yield: 1.43 g (44%)

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 300 MHz): δ 8.2 (d, 2H), 7.75 (t, 2H), 5.88 (d, 1H), 4.20 (ddd, 1H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 3.45 (dd, 1H), 3.30 (dd, 1H), 1.17 (t, 3H).

Molecular weight: 284

MS (DCI⁺): 301.9 (M+NH₄)⁺

5-Amino-3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one

Ethyl 3-(2,6-dinitrophenyl)-2-hydroxypropanoate (1.44 g, 5.05 mmol) is dissolved in ethanol, Pd/10% C (53 mg) is added and the mixture is stirred over night under a H₂ atmosphere (1 bar). The reaction mixture is filtered over celite and rinsed with ethanol. The solvent is evaporated in vacuo, the crude product is purified using vacuum-flashchromatography on silica (eluent: ethyl acetate). The isolated product fraction is stirred with diethyl ether, the product is filtered and dried in vacuo. Yield: 352 mg (37%).

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 300 MHz): δ 9.85 (s, 1H), 6.8 (t, 1H), 6.26 (d, 1H), 6.09 (d, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.05 (dd, 1H), 3.01 (dd, 1H), 2.40 (dd, 1H).

Molecular weight: 178

MS (ESI⁺): 179 (M+H)⁺

Starting Compound C 5-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-ol

5-Amino-3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (300 mg, 1.68 mmol) is dissolved in THF (10 ml) and slowly added to a refluxing mixture of LiAlH₄ (319 mg, 8.42 mmol) in 8 ml THF under an argon atmosphere. After 30 min refluxing the mixture is cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate (10 ml) is added cautiously, thereafter water is added slowly and cautiously until a light grey precipitate formed. The solvent is collected and the precipitate is washed several times with ethyl acetate, the combined organic extracts are washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude material is purified by column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate). Yield: 182 mg (65%).

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 300 MHz): δ 6.54 (t, 1H), 5.86 (d, 1H), 5.75 (d, 1H), 5.21 (d br, 1H), 4.78 (d, 1H), 4.45 (s, 2H), 3.9-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dd, 1H), 2.60 (ddd, 1H), 2.13 (dd, 1H).

Molecular weight: 164

MS (DCI⁺): 165 (M+H)⁺

Example 4-1 N-(3-Hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)-N′-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea

5-Amino-3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (300 mg, 1.68 mmol) is dissolved in ethyl acetate and cooled to 0° C. 4-Trifluoromethylbenzylisocyanate (339 mg, 1.68 mmol) is added slowly with stirring. The reaction mixture is stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The insoluble product is filtered and dried in vacuo. Yield: 103 mg (16%).

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 300 MHz): δ 10.08 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 2H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.12-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.54 (d, 1H), 5.42 (d, 1H), 4.40 (d, 1H), 4.18-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.09 (dd, 1H), 2.61 (dd, 1H).

Molecular weight: 379

MS (ESI⁺): 380 (M+H)⁺

Example 4-2 N-(3-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-5-yl)-N′-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea

5-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-ol (36.4 mg, 0.22 mmol) is dissolved in dichloromethane and cooled to −20° C. 4-Trifluoromethylbenzylisocyanate (44.6 mg, 0.22 mmol) is added and the reaction mixture is warmed to room temperature over 4 h. The organic layer is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with aq. NH₄Cl and water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness. The crude product consists of a mixture of regioisomers and is separated using preparative HPLC with an acetonitrile/water gradient.

¹H-NMR (DMSO, 500 MHz): δ 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d, 2H), 7.04 (t, 1H), 6.97 (d, 1H), 6.75 (t, 1H), 6.15 (d, 1H), 5.58 (s, 1H), 4.95 (d, 1H), 4.37 (d, 2H), 3.92-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.17 (d, 1H), 2.81 (t, 1H), 2.73 (dd, 1H), 2.30 (dd, 1H).

Molecular weight: 365

MS (ESI⁺): 366.1 (M+H)⁺ 

1-13. (canceled)
 14. A method for the treatment of an urological disorder or disease comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an urea derivative of formula (I) or a salt thereof:

wherein m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; —X— represents a bond, —O—, or —N(R¹⁰)—, wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, with the proviso that —X— represents a bond when m is 0; R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen, or R^(A) and R^(B) together form a carbonyl-group with the carbon-atom to which they are connected; R¹ represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which alkylthio is optionally substituted b mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl and heterocycle; and R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.
 15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein said urological disorder or disease is overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, detrusor hyperflexia, detrusor instability, or benign prostatic hyperplasia. 16-17. (canceled)
 18. A method for the treatment of a disorder or disease related to pain comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an urea derivative of formula (I) or a salt thereof:

wherein m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; —X— represents a bond, —O—, or —N(R¹⁰)—, wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, with the proviso that —X— represents a bond when m is 0; R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen, or R^(A) and R^(B) together form a carbonyl-group with the carbon-atom to which they are connected; R¹ represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino or C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl), benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle; and R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.
 19. The method as claimed in claim 18, wherein said disorder or disease related to pain is neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, or stroke.
 20. A method for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease comprising the step of administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an urea derivative of formula (I) or a salt thereof:

wherein m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; p represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; —X— represents a bond, —O—, or —N(R¹⁰—, wherein R¹⁰ is hydrogen or C₁₋₆ alkyl, with the proviso that —X— represents a bond when m is 0; R^(A) and R^(B) represent hydrogen, or R^(A) and R^(B) together form a carbonyl-group with the carbon-atom to which they are connected; R¹ represents aryl or heteroaryl, wherein said aryl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl (which phenyl is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), benzyl (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl), sulfonamide, C₁₋₆ alkanoyl, C₁₋₆ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, C₁₋₆alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C₁₋₆ alkyl (which alkyl is optionally substituted by cyano, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₁₋₆ alkoxy (which alkoxy is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), phenoxy (in which phenyl moiety is optionally substituted by halogen, nitro, hydroxy, carboxy, amino, C₁₋₆ alkylamino, di(C₁₋₆ alkyl)amino, C₃₋₈ cycloalkylamino, or C₁₋₆ alkoxycarbonyl or C₁₋₆ alkyl), C₁₋₆ alkylthio (which alkylthio is optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen), C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and heterocycle; and R² represent C₁₋₆alkylcarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkylsulfonyl, hydrogen, hydroxy, aryl, heteroaryl, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, arylsulfonyl, or heteroarylsulfonyl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, nitro, cyano, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxycarbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, or N,N,-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and said cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl moiety of said arylsulfonyl, or heteroaryl moiety of said heteroarylsulfonyl are optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, hydroxy, carboxyl, cyano, nitro, (C₁₋₆alkoxy)carbonyl, C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, amino, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)amino, N-(aryl)amino, N-(heteroaryl)amino, carbamoyl, N—(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, N,N-di(C₁₋₆alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C₁₋₆alkyl optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, or C₁₋₆alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri-halogen.
 21. The method as claimed in claim 20, wherein said inflammatory disorder or disease is asthma or COPD. 22-27. (canceled) 